Findings from a study published in the American Journal of Bioethics indicate that patients visiting an ED are willing to wait two hours longer to see a physician rather than a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or medical resident. Researchers Gregory L. Larkin of Yale University School of Medicine and Roderick S. Hooker of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas surveyed 500 patients at three teaching hospitals in Dallas and Pittsburgh. They found that 80% of patients expected to see a physician in the ED, and that fewer than half wanted to be treated by a midlevel provider.