Endocrinology

Hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives increase the risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), respectively.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality.

From 1999 to 2008 the prevalence of several cardiovascular disease risk factors remained stable among U.S. adolescents, but the burden of risk factors is still considerable.

The first generic versions of Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Genetic mechanisms that are associated with high plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol do not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), adding question to causality of link.

Reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statins is associated with a decrease in major vascular events, even for individuals with a five-year risk of less than 10 percent.

Baseline retinal vessel diameter is an independent predictor of incident hypertension, lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD), and any cardiovascular disease (CVD) at six years in African-American patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Compared to whites, Hispanic and black patients have an increased prevalence of adenomas and an increased risk of advanced adenomas.

Behavioral treatment for obesity is much more effective for younger children than for adolescents. The treatment effective for moderate and severe obesity.

Middle-aged fitness is significantly associated with lower health care charges in older age. Findings persist even after adjusting for other risk factors in both men and women

Young children who are predisposed to overweight have a reduced likelihood of becoming overweight if they enter their parents' bed at night.

Parenterally administered testosterone injections in overweight or obese men with low testosterone levels lead to significant weight loss and improved waist circumference.

For adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or coronary heart disease (CHD), a collaborative care intervention is cost-effective.

Larger waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is associated with a significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), even after accounting for obesity-related comorbidity.

Commuting distance is negatively associated with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and positively associated with obesity and metabolic risk indicators.

Following bariatric surgery, there is a noticeable improvement seen in menstrual dysfunction and signs of hyperandrogenism.

A Western-style diet is associated with increased levels of endotoxin activity (endotoxemia), and a prudent-style diet (containing moderately greater amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, and vitamin E than the Western-style diet) is linked to reduced endotoxemia.

For lung transplant recipients, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency is associated with increased incidence of acute rejection and infection, and deficiency at one year after transplant is linked with increased mortality.

Overweight and obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but have substantially increased risks of comorbidities, medical costs, and reduced quality of life compared with normal-weight RA patients.

Obesity is linked with the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and seems to have contributed to the recent increase in incidence of the condition.