Pediatrics

The use of inhaled anticholinergics (IACs) is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias in children and young adults with asthma.

Maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <10 microns per cubic meter (PM10) during pregnancy can have persistent effects on lung function development in children with asthma.

From 1999 to 2008 the prevalence of several cardiovascular disease risk factors remained stable among U.S. adolescents, but the burden of risk factors is still considerable.

For siblings of children with autism, a gender-specific genetic score based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes with biological and functional relevance to autism can predict the risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

For pediatric patients with tumors that have genetic aberrations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, crizotinib is well tolerated and has antitumor activity.

Oxytocin administered via nasal spray to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) seems to increase activity in brain regions known to process social information, as seen on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

In order to facilitate shared decision making in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treatment, primary care pediatricians (PCPs) need more training, and parents need to be guided in terms of realistic expectations regarding the role of the PCP.

Treatment with sumatriptan and naproxen sodium (suma/nap) is well tolerated and effective in reducing migraine pain in adolescents.

Behavioral treatment for obesity is much more effective for younger children than for adolescents. The treatment effective for moderate and severe obesity.

Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are at high risk for not participating in postsecondary education or employment, particularly in the first two years after high school.

The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, added to prednisone and calcineurin inhibitors, does not provide any additional benefit in terms of reduced proteinuria in the treatment of children with resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).

The concentration of Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) group bacteria and protein intake are associated with obesity in childhood.

Young children who are predisposed to overweight have a reduced likelihood of becoming overweight if they enter their parents' bed at night.

For children in the emergency department, non-private insurance status is associated with decreased diagnostic testing and interventions.

Pediatric content in the labeling of drugs has improved from 1975 to 1999, but still only 46 percent of drug labeling in the electronic Physicians' Desk Reference (ePDR) includes pediatric information.

Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have higher rates of hospitalized bacterial infection than children without the condition, and high-dose steroids significantly increase the rate of infection.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that physicians counsel children, adolescents, and young adults who have fair skin about ultraviolet radiation exposure and skin cancer prevention.

Maternal use of the anti-HIV drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) does not affect fetal growth but may lead to a delayed effect on infant growth in the first year.

Middle school entry vaccination requirements may increase coverage for adolescent vaccines, but education-only requirements do not appear to have an impact.

Generally there is no association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of the child developing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), although there may be a link between smoking and development of high-functioning autism.