Psychiatry

Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the microstructural changes seen in the genu and body of the corpus callosum in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients are found to improve after one year of abstinence.

Impact of exercise on pain perception suggests potential of physical activity in pain management. Athletes seem to have significantly higher pain tolerance than normally-active people.

For siblings of children with autism, a gender-specific genetic score based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes with biological and functional relevance to autism can predict the risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Oxytocin administered via nasal spray to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) seems to increase activity in brain regions known to process social information, as seen on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

In order to facilitate shared decision making in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treatment, primary care pediatricians (PCPs) need more training, and parents need to be guided in terms of realistic expectations regarding the role of the PCP.

The lifetime prevalence of nocturnal wandering with abnormal state of consciousness (NW) is approximately 30 percent in the U.S. general population.

Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are at high risk for not participating in postsecondary education or employment, particularly in the first two years after high school.

Average emergency department wait times for adult patients with psychiatric emergencies is 11.5 hours, and can be even longer for those who are older, uninsured, or intoxicated.

Deep brain stimulation can improve brain connectivity and function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, and having a greater purpose in life reduces the effect of Alzheimer's pathology on cognitive function.

For adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or coronary heart disease (CHD), a collaborative care intervention is cost-effective.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock status and Type D personality are indicators of post-implantation health status at one-year follow-up.

Self-disclosure is associated with increased activation in regions of the brain linked with reward.

The combination of engaging in moderate exercise and using a computer significantly reduces the likelihood of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the elderly.

Individual variation in dopamine function linked to willingness to work for a reward.

Generally there is no association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of the child developing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), although there may be a link between smoking and development of high-functioning autism.

One-third of U.S. adults with physician-diagnosed arthritis report having anxiety or depression, with anxiety more prevalent than depression.

Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate insecticide, correlates with structural changes in the developing brain.

Low-income mothers are more than 10 times more likely to overfeed their infants, by adding cereal to bottles, if they are depressed or if the infant has a high-intensity temperament.

Distinct networks are associated with the impulsivity exhibited by adolescents who use drugs or have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

For patients with fibromyalgia, spatial extent of pain, pain aftersensation, and negative mood account for approximately one-third of the variance in clinical pain, but sleep measures do not significantly predict pain.