Pranita D. Tamma, MD MHS

Empiric use of novel agents should follow patient-level risk and unit-level epidemiology, while a shared vocabulary for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and their carbapenemases underpins every subsequent treatment decision.

Overall gram-negative resistance rates have plateaued, but the carbapenemases driving carbapenem resistance have shifted, with NDM expanding alongside KPC and reshaping treatment considerations across the Enterobacterales.