Andrea Kossler, MD

Andrea Kossler, MD, describes her multidisciplinary co-management model with ophthalmologists and outlines a forward-looking vision for earlier diagnosis, precision medicine, and optimized surgical integration in thyroid eye disease.

Andrea Kossler, MD, explores the management of thyroid eye disease in special populations, emerging IGF‑1R agents and alternative targets such as interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and FcRn, and the potential role of serologic biomarkers in predicting response and relapse.

Andrea Kossler, MD, reviews the current therapeutic armamentarium for moderate to severe thyroid eye disease, including corticosteroids, teprotumumab, radiotherapy, and orbital decompression surgery, and discusses how these therapies fit into contemporary practice.

Andrea Kossler, MD, discusses when to involve ophthalmology and how evolving use of activity and severity scores intersects with quality-of-life considerations in decisions about initiating therapy.

Andrea Kossler, MD, outlines her screening workflow for newly diagnosed Graves disease in light of updated American Thyroid Association guidelines and describes practical initial management strategies for early thyroid eye disease.

Learn how TED signs vary by age, plus key risk factors like smoking and vision changes that signal severe Thyroid Eye Disease.