
Targeted laboratory testing and an understanding of the type I and type IIb immune pathways help clinicians characterize CIndU and explain to patients why their skin reacts the way it does.

Targeted laboratory testing and an understanding of the type I and type IIb immune pathways help clinicians characterize CIndU and explain to patients why their skin reacts the way it does.

Chronic inducible urticaria spans many subtypes and frequently overlaps with chronic spontaneous urticaria, making careful history taking and pragmatic provocation testing central to an accurate diagnosis.